Cosmetic Antiseptic Bronopol Fungicide 2-Bromo-2-Nitro-1,3-Propanediol

Physical and chemical properties: The content of pure product is 99% (the content of aldehyde is 30%), and the appearance is white to light yellow powder or crystal. The melting point is 130°C. Vapor pressure (20°C) 1.68mPa. Solubility: water 250g/L (22°C); ethanol 500g/L, isopropanol 250g/L, propylene glycol 143g/L, glycerin 10g/L, liquid paraffin <5g/L (23~24°C). Stability: slightly hygroscopic.

Mechanism of antibacterial and antifungal effect: Bronopol has bactericidal effect through different chemical reaction mechanisms in aerobic and anaerobic atmospheres. In an aerobic atmosphere, bronopol catalyzes the oxidation of cysteine amino acids to cystine residues (Shepher et al., 1988). This mechanism is thought to act to kill microorganisms through the formation of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide or peroxide. Moreover, the formed cystine residues are attached to the cell wall, preventing the normal formation of the cell wall. The formation of reactive oxygen species and the cross-linking of cystine residues with the cell wall jointly lead to cell death. In an oxygen-free environment, the mechanism is that cells and extracellular nucleophiles attack the No. 2 carbon atom in the bronopol molecule.

The compound has good bactericidal and antibacterial effects on Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, molds and yeasts, and is particularly effective on Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Application: In 1919, bronopol was prepared by R.Wilkendorf, and then the British Pharmaceutical Association announced its general name Bromopol. This biocide is mainly used in industrial circulating water, paper pulp, coatings, plastics, cosmetics, wood, and cooling water circulation systems And other fields including agriculture, sterilization, anti-corrosion and anti-algae. Note: ① Due to the good stability of bronopol in acidic solutions, weakly acidic media are ideal for field applications. ② Exposure to light may make the product yellow, sensitive to iron and aluminum packaging materials, and reacts with amines and alkaline compounds. ③flammable. Produces irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire, including hydrogen bromide and nitrogen oxides.

2-Bromo-2-Nitro-1,3-Propanediol (Bronopol)